German constitutional law

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 30. Chapters: Judges of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, Referendums in Germany, State constitutions of Germany, Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, East Prussian plebiscite, Schleswig Plebiscites, Roman Herzog, Rudolf Katz, Paul Kirchhof, Constitution of Hamburg, Ernst Benda, Renate Jaeger, Constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia, Jutta Limbach, Andreas Voßkuhle, German election and referendum, 1938, Gertrude Lübbe-Wolff, Erna Scheffler, Hans-Jürgen Papier, Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde, Constitution of Hesse, German Federal Constitutional Court abortion decision, Gebhard Müller, Winfried Hassemer, German election and referendum, 1936, Hermann Höpker-Aschoff, Christine Hohmann-Dennhardt, Evelyn Haas, Hans Hugo Klein, Wolfgang Zeidler, Udo Steiner, Josef Wintrich, Konrad Hesse, Streitbare Demokratie, Lerke Osterloh, Michael Eichberger, Brun-Otto Bryde, Susanne Baer, Ferdinand Kirchhof, Rudolf Mellinghoff, Helga Seibert, German referendum, 1933, Johannes Masing, German referendum, 1934, Everhardt Franßen, Ernst Träger, Udo Di Fabio, Willi Geiger, Karin Graßhof, Jürgen Kühling, Walter Rudi Wand, Hans Georg Rupp, Klaus Winter, Franz Wessel, Herrenchiemsee convention. Excerpt: The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (German: ) is the constitutional law of Germany. It was formally approved on 8 May 1949, and, with the signature of the Allies, came into effect on 23 May 1949, as the constitution of those states of West Germany that were initially included within the Federal Republic. Within a few years, the Federal Republic included all of West Germany, i.e. those parts of Germany under American, British, or French occupation. The German word Grundgesetz may be translated as either Basic Law or Fundamental Law (Grund is cognate with the English word ground). The term Verfassung (constitution) was not used, as the drafters regarded the Grundgesetz as a provisional constitution for the provisional West German state and would not prejudice the decisions of a future reunified Germany to adopt a constitution. Shortly after its adoption, the East German Soviet occupation zone was transformed into the communist German Democratic Republic (GDR) with its own constitution. Germany was reunified in 1990 after the Communist regime in East Germany was toppled and the GDR peacefully joined the Federal Republic of Germany. Article 23 of the Basic Law was used in reunification when East Germany, which had been unitary since 1949, re-divided into its original länder, with Berlin as a new city-state (like Bremen and Hamburg). After reunification, the Basic Law remained in force, having proved itself as a stable foundation for the thriving democracy in West Germany that had emerged from the ruins of World War II. Some changes were made to the law in 1990, mostly pertaining to reunification, such as to the preamble. Additional major modifications of the Basic Law were made in 1994, 2002 and 2006. Article 1, sentence 1 ("Human dignity is inviolable.") - Karl Arnold speaking about the objective of the West German Basic Law at the Koenig Museum, 1948The idea for the creation of the Basic Law came originally from the three western occupying powers. In vi von Source: Wikipedia