„Mio corpo venga sepolto in terra sancta“ - Genese und Verbreitung eines Wunderberichts des 13. Jahrhunderts: Die Blutacker in Jerusalem, der Heilige ... der Camposanto zu Pisa (Scrinium Friburgense)

Anyone dealing with the world-famous Pisan Camposanto will immediately come across the Terra Santa legend. It states that the soil of the city cemetery founded in 1278 originates from the Holy Land and possesses the miraculous property of completely decomposing corpses within a few days. According to medieval sources, the terra santa comes from Jerusalem, namely from the Akeldama, the field of blood – a place far less well known. But even here, too, the same belief in the rapid decomposition of corpses has been circulating since the High Middle Ages. Rahel Meier delivers groundbreaking results on both aspects of the Pisan terra santa legend, the place of origin of the earth as well as the belief in rapid decomposition. By deconstructing the traditional assumption about the location of the memorial site in Jerusalem, the author provides a completely new basis for our understanding of the Akeldama. In turn, this allows for a plausible hypothesis, how the idea of the rapid decomposition of corpses arose. The results in the first part of Meier's investigation therefore enable a new and expanded understanding of Jerusalem’s cemetery for the foreigners and the sacred topography of the Holy City. A more precise interpretation of the Camposanto at Pisa is only possible after a comprehensive examination of the phenomenon of the Mediterranean dissemination of the Akeldama's "replicas" or material reifications in the High and Late Middle Ages. The second part therefore concentrates on this phenomenon by examining the spread of the legend and the establishment of sacred fields in the late 13th century. Rahel Meier makes clear that the origin of the local terra santa-legend in Pisa was anticipated only slightly earlier by the sacred field (Campus Sanctus) in St. Jean d'Acre (Akkon), that is hardly known in research. Most likely, it was here in Acre, rather than in Jerusalem itself, that the Pisans became familiar with the idea of a synecdochic-analogical material evocation of a translatio Hierusalem. The Pisans staged their sacred field (Campus Sanctus) architecturally as well as artistically, embedded it in the local context, and enhanced it symbolically. The true attraction for visitors and locals was the burial field covered with soil from Jerusalem at the center, the centrepiece of the present investigation, as it were. With the Camposanto, the Pisans built a huge reliquary for this sacred earth. Acknowledging the cultic centrality of the inner field, Rahel Meier interprets Buonamico Buffalmacco's frescoes and hypothesizes that a reference to the Purgatory can be found in the depicted rock. Anyone interested in medieval history, pilgrim accounts, holy places, cemeteries, and beliefs can look forward to a methodologically broad study with innovative results.